Ibikoresho byo guterura no kuzamura ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro mu nganda zigezweho, ubwubatsi, n'ibikoresho. Ubwiza bwubwubatsi bwayo bugira ingaruka itaziguye kumutekano mikorere no gukora neza. Iyi ngingo isobanura gahunda yuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, ingingo zingenzi za tekiniki, nuburyo bwo kwirinda ibikoresho byo kuzamura no kuzamura ibikoresho kugirango ibikoresho bihamye kandi byizewe mugihe bizakoreshwa nyuma.
I. Pre - Gutegura Kwubaka
1. Gusuzuma Ibidukikije no Gutegura Urubuga
Mbere yo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo guterura no kuzamura, birasabwa gusuzuma byimazeyo ibidukikije bikora, harimo gutekereza nko kubushobozi bwubutaka, kugabanya uburebure, no gukwirakwiza inzitizi zikikije. Menya neza ko ahantu hashyizweho hareshya kandi harakomeye, hatarimo ubutaka bworoshye cyangwa ahantu hahanamye, kandi wemere umwanya uhagije wo gukoreramo. Kubikoresho binini byo guterura (nka umunara wa crane cyangwa ikiraro cya kiraro), hagomba no gutekerezwa ingaruka ziterwa nibintu bisanzwe nkumuyaga nubushyuhe.
2. Kugenzura ibikoresho no kubara ibikoresho
Mbere yo kwishyiriraho, igenzura rirambuye ryibikoresho byo guterura no kuzamura nibikoresho byacyo ni ngombwa, harimo ibice byingenzi nkibikoresho, umugozi winsinga, pulley block, winch, na bracket. Emeza ko ibikoresho by'ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa n'umushinga kandi nta nenge nka deformasiyo, ibice, cyangwa ingese. Mugihe kimwe, reba ibikoresho byose ukurikije imfashanyigisho y'ibikoresho kugirango umenye neza ko ibice byose bifasha, nka bolts, pin, na gasketi bihari.
3. Impamyabushobozi y'abakozi n'ingamba z'umutekano
Igikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho kigomba gukorwa nabatekinisiye babishoboye kandi bagakurikiza byimazeyo inzira z'umutekano. Ibyapa byo kuburira bigomba kumanikwa kurubuga, kandi abakozi bakora - barabujijwe kwinjira ahashyizweho. Abakoresha bagomba kwambara ingofero zikomeye, inkweto zinyerera -, hamwe n’umukandara w’umutekano, kandi bakareba ko nta muntu uri munsi y’ibikoresho byo guterura.
II. Uburyo bwo Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo guterura no guterura
1. Fondasiyo Kurinda no Gushigikira Imiterere Yubaka
Kubikoresho byo guterura bihamye (nka mast crane cyangwa gantry cranes), banza usuke fondasiyo ya beto cyangwa ushyiremo ibice byashizwemo kugirango umenye neza ko - ubushobozi bwo gutwara bwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Kubikoresho byo guterura bigendanwa (nka crawler crane cyangwa kamyo yikamyo), hindura ituze kugirango wirinde gutembera mugihe gikora. Imiterere yingoboka igomba gushyirwaho neza ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, kwemeza ko guhagarikwa no gutambuka byujuje ubuziranenge.
2. Inteko Nkuru ninteko yo gushyigikira
Mugihe ushyizeho ikiraro cya kiraro cyangwa gantry, banza ukusanyirize urumuri nyamukuru hanyuma uyihuze ninkunga hamwe na - imbaraga zikomeye cyangwa gusudira. Urwego nyamukuru rugomba kubungabungwa muri mm 2mm kugirango hirindwe ibikoresho kubera imitwaro idahwanye. Menya neza ko inkunga ifatanye neza na fondasiyo kandi ukoreshe urwego rwumwuka kugirango uhagarike gutandukana.
3. Kuzamura no Gushiraho
Kubikoresho byo guterura byoroheje (nko kuzamura amashanyarazi cyangwa kuzamura intoki), ubizirikane kuri gari ya moshi ya - cyangwa ibiti byabugenewe, hanyuma uhindure itandukaniro riri hagati yiziga ryiruka kugirango ukore neza. Umugozi winsinga cyangwa umukandara wo guterura ugomba gushyirwaho udafite inkingi cyangwa umusaraba, kandi ugahuzwa neza nu mugozi ufite ingoyi cyangwa ijisho. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bugomba kuba byibuze inshuro 1.5 umutwaro uzamurwa kugirango umutekano urenze.
4. Gukoresha amashanyarazi no kugenzura
Niba ibikoresho byo guterura bifite sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi (nka winch cyangwa kuzamura amashanyarazi), genzura neza ko inzira ya kabili isanzwe kandi ko guhagarara byizewe. Kugenzura buto, kugabanya imipaka, hamwe na feri yihutirwa bigomba gukora neza, kandi ibyiyumvo byabo bigomba kugenzurwa hifashishijwe oya - yikizamini cyo gutwara.
III. Kohereza - Kwipimisha no Kwakira
1. Oya - Ibizamini byo Kuremera no Kuremera
Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, nta - umutwaro wikizamini ukorwa ubanza gukorwa kugirango barebe ko uburyo bwose (nko guterura, kwiruka, no guswera) bukora neza nta rusaku rudasanzwe cyangwa guhambira. Igeragezwa rihamye kandi rifite imbaraga noneho rikorwa, buhoro buhoro ryongera umutwaro kugera kuri 125% yumutwaro wagenwe, kugirango ugenzure imbaraga nubushobozi bwibikoresho.
2. Kugenzura ibikoresho byumutekano
Wibande ku kugerageza kurenza urugero, kugabanya ingendo, hamwe nigikoresho cyo gufata kugwa kugirango umenye neza ko ibikorwa byabo byo kubarinda bishobora gutangira vuba mugihe gikabije. Umugozi winsinga ugomba no kugenzurwa kugirango ushire; niba igipimo cyo kumena insinga kirenze igipimo, kigomba gusimburwa.
3. Kwakira no kubika inyandiko
Iyemezwa rya nyuma rigomba gusinywa no kwemezwa numu injeniyeri wabigize umwuga, kandi ibyangombwa, birimo inyandiko zishyirwaho, amakuru yikizamini, nigitabo cyibikoresho, bigomba gukusanywa no kubikwa kugirango bizakoreshwe ejo hazaza.
IV. Ibyifuzo byo Kwirinda no Kubungabunga
• Ubugenzuzi busanzwe: Kora igenzura rya buri kwezi ryerekana amashusho, imigozi y'insinga, n'umuhuza, hamwe na buri gihembwe ubugenzuzi bw'umwuga.
• Gusiga no Kubungabunga: Gusiga amavuta buri gihe ibice byimuka, nka pulleys na bearings, kugirango wirinde ingese.
• Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Kurenza urugero birabujijwe rwose. Komeza umuvuduko uhoraho mugihe cyo guterura, kandi wirinde guhagarara gitunguranye cyangwa gutemba.
Binyuze muburyo bwa siyanse kandi busanzwe bwo kwishyiriraho hamwe nubuziranenge bwo kwemerwa, ibikoresho byo guterura no guterura birashobora gukora neza kandi neza mumishinga itandukanye, bitanga inkunga yizewe kubikorwa byumusaruro.
