Kuzunguruka no guterura nibintu byingenzi mubikorwa byubuhanga bugezweho. Gutegura no gushyira mubikorwa ibipimo byubwubatsi bifitanye isano itaziguye numutekano wibikorwa, gukora neza, nubwiza bwumushinga. Iyi ngingo isobanura buri gihe sisitemu isanzwe yo kwiba no guterura ibyubaka muburyo bune: ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, inzira zikorwa, ibisabwa mumutekano, no kugenzura imiyoborere. Iyi ngingo igamije gutanga ubuyobozi bwumwuga mubikorwa byinganda.
I. Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'ibipimo
Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yo gutereta no guterura nibyo shingiro ryibanze ryubwubatsi. Nkurikije ibisabwa n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’inganda zikora Crane (IMCA) hamwe n’igihugu cyanjye "Amabwiriza y’umutekano yo guterura imashini" (GB 6067.1 - 2010), guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigomba guhuza cyane n’uburemere, imiterere, n’ibidukikije bikorerwa umutwaro uzamurwa. Imbaraga zimeneka zumugozi wumugozi ntizigomba kuba munsi yikubye inshuro esheshatu uburemere bwumutwaro, kandi ibintu byumutekano wibikoresho bya fibre sintetike bigomba kuba bitarenze birindwi. Guhuza ibice nkibifuni n 'ingoyi bigomba kuba byaragaragaje neza ibipimo byerekana imizigo kandi bigakorerwa ibizamini bisanzwe bidasenya.
Kubireba iboneza rya rigging, inguni ya - amaguru menshi agomba kugenzurwa muri dogere 90, hamwe ntarengwa ya dogere 120. Ku mizigo idasanzwe, hagati yububasha bugomba kubarwa kandi hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bifasha kuringaniza. Mugihe cyibikorwa bidasanzwe (nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru nibidukikije byangirika), hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho byabugenewe byujuje ibyangombwa ASTM A975 cyangwa DNVGL - OS - E303. Ibice byose byububiko bigomba guherekezwa nu mwimerere wumwimerere wibyangombwa byemeza ibyemezo kandi bigashyirwaho nimero yihariye yo gukurikirana.
II. Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa
Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa ningingo zingenzi zo kugenzura umutekano wubwubatsi. Mbere yo gukora, hagomba gukorwa uburyo bwa "cheque eshatu nubugenzuzi butatu": kugenzura uburiganya bwo kwambara bugaragara (umusaraba - kwambara igice kirenga 10% bya diameter yumwimerere bifatwa nkuwakuweho), kugenzura ibarwa rya gahunda yo guterura, no kwemeza ubushobozi bwo kwishyiriraho (muri rusange bisabwa kuba binini cyangwa bingana na kPa 150). Kuzamura abayobozi bagomba gufata icyemezo cyihariye cyo gukoresha ibikoresho (Urwego Q1 / Q2) kandi bagakoresha ibimenyetso byamaboko bisanzwe cyangwa sisitemu yerekana ibimenyetso n'amashusho byerekanwe muri ISO 7731.
Igikorwa cyo guterura kigomba gukurikiza ihame rya "gutangira buhoro, guterura neza, no guhagarara neza." Umutwaro ugomba kubikwa muburebure bwa metero 0.3-0.5 hejuru yubutaka kugirango harebwe umutekano. Iyo crane nyinshi zikoreshwa mugikorwa gihujwe, hagomba gushyirwaho sisitemu yo kugenzura ikomatanya, ikemeza ko gutandukanya imizigo hagati ya crane itarenga 8% yubushobozi bwagenwe. Iyo umutwaro umaze kuba, byibuze ibikoresho bibiri bibuza kubuza bigomba kuguma mu mwanya mbere yo gufungura. Igenzura rihoraho rigomba gukomeza mubikorwa byose, kandi ibikorwa bigomba guhita bihagarikwa niba umuvuduko wumuyaga urenze urwego 6 (10.8 m / s).
III. Sisitemu yo gucunga umutekano
Ibipimo byumutekano nibyingenzi mubikorwa byo kuriganya no guterura. Dukurikije OSHA 1926.1400 hamwe n’igihugu cyanjye "Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibikorwa by’uburebure mu iyubakwa" (JGJ 80 - 2016), agace k’akazi kagomba kurindwa na perimetero ebyiri (uruzitiro rukomeye + kaseti yo kuburira), kandi nta bakozi batabifitiye uburenganzira bemerewe kuguma muri radiyo y’akaga. Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye (PPE) bigomba kuba birimo gufata uwaguye, ingofero ikomeye (ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingaruka zirenze cyangwa zingana na 200J), hamwe na gants zidashobora gukata (EN388 urwego 4 cyangwa hejuru).
Kubungabunga ibikoresho bishyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kugenzura urwego -: buri munsi, buri cyumweru, na buri kwezi. Ubugenzuzi bwibanze ku kugenzura insinga zacitse (umusaraba - gushyira imigozi y'insinga zigomba gukurwaho niba umubare w’insinga zacitse mu burebure bwa layide ugera ku 10% y’umubare w’insinga zose), guhindura imiyoboro ihuza (ingoyi zifite intanga zirenga 10% birabujijwe), hamwe na sisitemu yo kwizerwa (kugabanya feri ya feri irenga 20% bisaba kugenzurwa). Gahunda zihutirwa zigomba kuba zirimo uturere twa buffer zo gutakaza imitwaro (buffer material compressive strength Kurenza cyangwa bingana na 20 MPa) hamwe nuburyo bwambere bwo gutabara abapfuye (igihe cyo gutabara zahabu kigarukira kuminota 5).
IV. Kugenzura ubuziranenge no kugenzura
Uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura butuma ishyirwa mubikorwa ryibipimo. Ibigo byubwubatsi bigomba gushyiraho sisitemu yo gucunga neza ISO 9001 kandi ikagumana inyandiko zuzuye zubuzima (harimo amasoko niyakirwa, raporo zubugenzuzi bwigihe, namateka yo kubungabunga). Icya gatatu - ibigo bishinzwe kugenzura amashyaka bigomba gukora igenzura rya magnetique cyangwa gupima ultrasonic kuri - gukoresha uburiganya buri mezi atandatu ukurikije GB / T 20118-2017, byibuze byibuze 100%.
Inzego zubugenzuzi zigomba kwibanda ku gusuzuma ibarwa yimitwaro muri gahunda yubwubatsi (yashyizweho umukono kandi yemejwe na injeniyeri wubatswe wiyandikishije), inyandiko zidasanzwe zerekana amakuru yumutekano (zashyizweho umukono nabitabiriye bose), hamwe nakazi ka buri munsi. Ku mishinga minini yo guterura irenga toni 100, hagomba gukorwa inama zo gusuzuma impuguke kugira ngo baganire ku bisubizo bivura ishingiro, gushyira mu gaciro gutoranya ruswa, hamwe n’ibikorwa byihutirwa. Inzego za leta zigomba gukoresha tekinoroji ya IoT mugucunga ibikoresho byogukoresha hamwe na tagi ya RFID kugirango ikurikirane igihe - kugenzura igihe ibikoresho bihagaze.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburiganya no kuzamura ibipimo byubwubatsi ni urufatiro rukomeye rwumutekano wubwubatsi. Mugutunganya ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, kunoza imikorere yimikorere, gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yumutekano, no kugenzura ubushishozi kugenzura ubuziranenge, ingaruka zikorwa zirashobora kugabanuka cyane kandi ubwizerwe bwubwubatsi bugahinduka. Abakinnyi bose binganda bagomba guhora bakurikirana ivugururwa ryibipimo mpuzamahanga (nka ISO 4309: 2017, "Amabwiriza ya Crane Wire Rope Care and Maintenance") kandi bagashyiramo ikoranabuhanga rya digitale (nka BIM yo guterura kwigana no kugenzura ibyuma byubwenge) kugirango bateze imbere iterambere ryimikorere yibikorwa byogukora no guterura. Gusa muguhindura ibisabwa mubisanzwe mubikorwa byabakozi bose birashobora kugerwaho intego nyamukuru y "impanuka zeru".
